Organic Granular Fertilizer Plant Compost Cow Dung Manure.

Why does cow dung need to be fermented before use?

Cow manure is a high-quality source of organic fertilizer. It is rich in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients and trace elements required for plant growth. It also contains a variety of biological enzymes and beneficial microorganisms. After being made into organic fertilizer, it can not only effectively increase the organic matter and fertility in the soil, but also improve the soil structure and its physical properties. However, the direct application of untreated cow dung is very harmful: in the soil, unfermented cow dung will consume oxygen, generate high temperatures and burn crop roots (i.e., "seedling burning" phenomenon), and may also cause soil, water, atmosphere and Secondary pollution of agricultural products. Therefore, cow dung must be composted, stabilized and treated harmlessly before use.

• Avoid plant damage: When unfermented cow manure ferments in the soil, it releases a large amount of ammonia gas, which is toxic to plant roots and may cause root rot. In addition, if the pests and diseases contained therein are not treated and are applied directly, these diseases will be spread into the soil, causing crop yield reduction or even death.
• Improve soil quality: Fermented cow manure can significantly increase the organic matter content of the soil, optimize the soil structure, and enhance the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer. These properties provide plants with a more suitable growing environment while significantly improving soil fertility.
• Improve nutrient utilization efficiency: The fermentation process improves nutrient utilization by breaking down the complex organic matter in cow manure into simple compounds that are easily absorbed by plants. This makes fermented cow dung a more efficient and environmentally friendly source of fertilizer, better promoting healthy plant growth.

What is the cow dung fermentation process?

• Fermentation equipment and strain selection: The success or failure of cow dung fermentation is closely related to the fermentation strain used. The fermentation strain is usually composed of a variety of saprophytic microorganisms, whose main function is to quickly increase the temperature of the raw materials at the beginning of fermentation, shorten the fermentation maturation time, and effectively remove odor. In addition, fermentation strains can quickly remove or kill harmful substances such as roundworm eggs, weed seeds in the fermented materials, thereby improving the safety and quality of compost. The compost turner is an important equipment for cow dung fermentation. It not only has a crushing function, but also eliminates the need to build a fermentation tank. By piling cow dung on the ground to form a long strip shape, and then regularly stirring and crushing it through a compost turner, the decomposition of organic matter is promoted under aerobic conditions. This method can significantly reduce civil engineering and labor costs.
• Composting and harmless treatment of cow dung compost: The carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) of cow dung is usually between 18 and 22.5:1, which meets the requirements of composting fermentation. However, the water content of cow dung varies greatly, especially in large farms, where the water content can be as high as 62% to 81%. In order to achieve the best fermentation effect, the water content needs to be reduced to 47% to 58%. This process can be achieved through special equipment and processes. For example, the hydraulic trench composter adopts a unique trench design and ground trough structure. This design can customize multiple fermentation tanks according to the spatial structure of the plant. The equipment has the advantages of easy operation, short fermentation cycle, full fermentation, less pollution, and convenient expansion. It can effectively utilize limited land area and meet the needs of large-scale organic waste treatment.

What is the process flow of cow dung manure organic fertilizer production line/plant?

The process flow of organic fertilizer production line usually includes raw material preparation, fermentation, crushing, screening, mixing, granulation, drying, cooling, packaging and other steps. Each link involves different equipment and processes.

Acquisition and preparation of raw organic matter

The raw materials of organic fertilizer generally come from agricultural waste, animal manure, urban garbage, plant residues, etc. These raw materials need to undergo preliminary processing, such as crushing, screening, and removal of impurities, so as to enter the next step of fermentation. The main processes in the raw material preparation stage include: Crushing: The raw materials usually need to be crushed to reduce the particle size and increase the surface area, which is conducive to subsequent fermentation and microbial activity. Ingredients: According to the composition requirements of the target organic fertilizer, various raw materials are reasonably proportioned and the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) is adjusted to ensure the smooth progress of the fermentation process.

Fermentation of organic matter

Fermentation is the core link of organic fertilizer production. Its purpose is to degrade the organic matter in the raw materials through the action of microorganisms and convert them into usable fertilizers. At this stage, composting is the most common fermentation method. The main steps include: Composting: The pretreated raw materials are piled into piles, usually in a triangular or trapezoidal shape with a height of about 1.5 meters and a width of 4-6 meters. Turning the pile: The pile is regularly turned by the turning equipment to maintain the supply of oxygen in the compost, promote the activity of microorganisms, and accelerate the decomposition of organic matter. Turning the pile is usually carried out every 2-3 days to ensure that the temperature of the pile is uniform and avoid too high or too low temperature.
Temperature control: Temperature control during the fermentation process is crucial, and the progress of fermentation is usually monitored by the temperature change of the pile. The ideal composting temperature is 50-60℃, which helps to improve the sterilization effect of organic fertilizers. Humidity control: The humidity of the pile is usually kept between 55%-65%. Too high or too low will affect the activity of microorganisms.

Crushing, screening and mixing

After fermentation, fertilizers usually contain some large pieces of incompletely decomposed materials, which need to be processed by crushing and screening equipment: Crushing: Cage crushers, bulk crushers and chain crushers are used to break up large pieces of raw materials to ensure uniform and fine organic fertilizer particles for subsequent granulation. Screening: Rotary drum screens and vibrating screen screening equipment are used to separate particles or impurities that do not meet specifications to ensure the quality of the final product. Mixing: In the mixing stage, various raw materials and additives are evenly mixed. Common additives include minerals, trace elements, organic acids, etc. Through the mixer, raw materials, humus and additives are fully mixed to achieve fertilizer uniformity and optimal nutritional content.

Organic waste to cow dung poultry fertilizer granulation

Granulation is the process of converting mixed organic fertilizer raw materials into granules. Granulation makes the use of fertilizers more convenient, and the granulated fertilizers have better storage properties. At this stage, common granulation methods include wet granulation and dry granulation. Wet granulation is the process of forming wet raw materials into granules through a steam drum rotary granulator. This method can better maintain the strength and uniformity of the granules and is suitable for wet raw materials. In contrast, dry granulation uses a dry roller press compactor granulator to press powdered raw materials into granules, which requires high compression force and proper temperature control to ensure the density and stability of the granules.

Organic-inorganic fertilizer drying and cooling

Organic fertilizer granules after granulation usually contain high moisture and need to go through a drying and cooling process to improve the storage stability of the fertilizer. The drying stage usually uses a rotary fertilizer drum dryer or a fluidized bed dryer to evaporate the moisture in the granules to achieve an appropriate moisture content (usually 10-12%). During the drying process, the temperature needs to be strictly controlled to avoid excessively high temperatures that cause the loss of active ingredients in the organic fertilizer. Cooling is a step after drying, because the temperature of the dried particles is high, which may cause agglomeration during packaging. Therefore, it is usually necessary to reduce the temperature of the particles through cooling equipment (such as cooling drums or coolers) to ensure that the fertilizer maintains good fluidity and quality during packaging.

Coating technology applied to organic cow dung fertilizer

The coating process of cow dung organic fertilizer refers to the process of coating cow dung organic fertilizer particles with a special protective film through coating technology during the production of organic fertilizer, thereby improving the characteristics and use effect of the fertilizer. Coating can not only enhance the particle strength and wear resistance of the fertilizer, but also prolong the release time of the fertilizer, reduce nutrient loss, and improve the absorption efficiency of crops. First, after the organic fertilizer particles are formed, a coating machine or a coater is used to evenly coat the specific coating material on the surface of the fertilizer particles. The coating material can be natural or synthetic, such as polymers, binders, vegetable oils, paraffin, etc. The coating layer plays a role in protecting the fertilizer components and controlling the nutrient release rate.
Secondly, through the coating process, a thin film will be formed on the surface of the fertilizer. This film can control the release rate of nutrients in the fertilizer in the soil, avoid nutrient waste caused by too fast release, and prevent the influence of external environmental factors such as humidity and temperature, thereby improving the stability of the fertilizer. The application of coating technology can make cow dung organic fertilizer more competitive in the market. Through the coating process, the application effect of cow dung organic fertilizer can be more accurately controlled during the growth cycle of crops, avoiding excessive or insufficient nutrient release, while reducing the environmental pollution that traditional fertilizers may cause. In addition, the coated organic fertilizer is more stable during storage and transportation, and is not easily affected by moisture or loss, which improves the overall quality and use value of the product.

Organic cow dung fertilizer screening and grading/classification

The cooled organic fertilizer particles need to be screened and graded to ensure uniform particles and remove unqualified particles. In the screening stage, vibrating screens or rotary drum screens/sieve are usually used to grade the particles by size and select particles that meet the standards. After grading, organic fertilizers with different particle sizes can be graded and packaged according to market demand. This not only ensures the consistency of the product, but also improves the accuracy of the packaging to meet the needs of different customers.

Organic fertilizer fully automatic Packaging and semi-automatic packaging

Finally, the organic fertilizer particles that have been screened and graded will enter the packaging stage. At this stage, the packaging equipment puts the organic fertilizer into bags and seals them, and adds necessary labels for easy transportation and sales. Common packaging methods include bagging, barreling and bulk packaging. The choice of packaging method usually depends on the production scale and market demand.

Why is steam drum granulation method more suitable for producing organic fertilizer than roller extrusion granulation and high tower granulation?

• Strong adaptability, suitable for handling wet materials: Drum granulation equipment can handle raw materials with high moisture content, which is crucial for the production of organic fertilizers. Because organic fertilizer raw materials usually contain high moisture, drum granulation can promote the formation of particles by adjusting the degree of wetness without causing material adhesion or over-compaction. However, pressure granulation and high-tower granulation usually require drier raw materials, and there will be problems of particle adhesion or difficulty in forming when handling wet materials.
• Uniform particles and high strength: NPK steam drum granulation uses the method of continuous rolling and friction on the inner wall of the drum to gradually gather and form the raw materials in the drum. In this process, the particles gradually form dense particles through friction and collision, and have good strength and uniformity. In contrast, pressure granulation may have large particle differences during the forming process because it mainly relies on external pressure for pressing, and it is not easy to ensure the uniformity of the particles. High-tower granulation has high requirements on the humidity and particle size of the raw materials due to its particle formation principle (through gravity and spray), which is easy to cause uneven particles, especially when the humidity and material composition change greatly.
• Simple process and convenient operation: The drum granulation process is relatively simple, the equipment runs stably and is easy to maintain. Drum granulators usually do not require too much fine control and high-pressure equipment, and are suitable for large-scale organic fertilizer production. However, pressurized granulation requires higher equipment pressure and precise operation control, with large equipment investment and relatively high maintenance costs. The structure of the high-tower granulation equipment is also complex, and it requires multiple processes such as spraying and drying to complete granule forming and drying. The production cycle is long and the environmental requirements are high.
• Better biodegradability: Due to the rotational friction of the raw materials during the drum granulation process, the surface of the granules is usually smoother and denser, which is conducive to the biodegradability of organic fertilizers. In pressurized granulation and high-tower granulation, the structure of the granules is relatively hard, the biodegradability is poor, and it is not conducive to the rapid decomposition of organic fertilizers and crop absorption.
• Low cost and high efficiency: The production cost of the drum granulation equipment is low and the operating efficiency is high. The equipment investment is small and can adapt to the changes of various raw materials. It is especially suitable for processing a variety of different types of organic fertilizer mixtures. However, the investment and operation costs of pressurized granulation and high tower granulation equipment are relatively high, and they are suitable for more special production needs. They are not as universal as drum granulation in organic fertilizer production.

What are the 3 commonly used raw materials for making organic fertilizer?

Raw Material	Description
Chicken Manure	Chicken manure is nutrient-rich, typically containing 1.5-2.0% nitrogen, 1.2-1.5% phosphorus, and 0.8-1.0% potassium. It has a moisture content of 60-70%, which makes it ideal for fertilizer production. With the right processing equipment, you can recycle chicken waste into high-quality organic fertilizers.
Cow Dung	Cow dung is a valuable raw material, with a moisture content of 60-80%. It is rich in nutrients such as nitrogen (0.5-0.7%), phosphorus (0.2-0.3%), and potassium (0.3-0.4%). Cow dung helps improve soil structure and nutrient content when processed into organic fertilizer. It’s particularly beneficial for soil conditioning and promoting plant growth.
Straws	Straws have a relatively low moisture content of around 15-20%, which makes them ideal for organic fertilizer production when combined with other materials like animal manure. Straws provide carbon to balance the nitrogen content of manure, optimizing the fertilizer’s efficiency. Adding animal manure helps boost the nutrient density for enhanced fertilizing properties.

Why Invest in Cow Dung Organic Fertilizer Plant 2025?

• The use of organic fertilizers is a popular trend in modern agriculture. In recent years, NPK compound fertilizers have been used on a large scale in China. The fertilizer effect is very significant but it will cause certain damage to the soil in the long term. Organic fertilizers can provide many benefits to plants or soil, and if you can make your own organic fertilizers, you may gain greater economic and ecological benefits.
• In addition, raw materials for the production of organic fertilizers are easy to obtain, such as pastures and chicken farms. Cow manure, chicken manure and other organic wastes are good materials for making organic fertilizers. These wastes can be purchased at a very cheap price and then processed on production lines. to increase economic value.
• Organic fertilizers are rich in organic acids, polypeptides, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other essential elements for plants. They can provide necessary nutrients for plants and have an important impact on agriculture. In order to improve the effect of fertilizer, high-quality organic fertilizer can be made through an organic waste fertilizer production line.
• Using organic fertilizers can help improve soil conditions and increase soil fertility and buffering capacity. After application, the organic matter in the fertilizer can enhance the fertility of the soil and make the soil more suitable for plant growth. In addition, organic fertilizers promote plant growth and increase yields. Because it is rich in organic matter and various elements, it can provide nutrients to plants and microorganisms in the soil.
• The activity of microorganisms in turn is beneficial to soil health, thereby further promoting plant growth. Organic fertilizers can also improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers. Compared with chemical fertilizers, the use of organic fertilizers can reduce the amount of fertilizers because it not only provides rich nutrients but also improves the microbial environment of the soil. The combined use of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers can complement each other and effectively improve the comprehensive utilization effect of fertilizers.

Adventages of cow dung fertilizer granules making machine

Feature	Description
Recycle Organic Waste	The organic cow manure fertilizer production line helps recycle organic waste and turn it into valuable fertilizer, providing an opportunity for profit generation, especially in Africa like Tanzania Dodoma county.
Easy Control	The TONGLI fertilizer making machines in the production line are designed for ease of control, ensuring smooth operation for users.
Automation	Most of the machines in the organic fertilizer production line are automated DCS PLC control, reducing manual labor and increasing efficiency.
Complete Working Flow	The production line offers a full set of machines and processes, ensuring smooth fertilizer production from start to finish.
Systematic Integration	All components of the production line are systematically connected, allowing for efficient and streamlined fertilizer production.
Simple Obtained Raw Materials	The production line requires only basic natural materials for processing, making it cost-effective and easy to source the raw materials.

How much does it cost to set up a high quality organic cow dung granular fertilizer production line in Africa Tanzania?

Building an organic fertilizer production plant in Tanzania, especially a large-scale fertilizer manufacturing plant, involves many factors, such as land costs, employee wages, equipment investment and other operating costs. According to the actual situation in Tanzania, the following is the budget estimate for production lines of different sizes (taking annual production of 50,000 tons, 100,000 tons, 150,000 tons, 200,000 tons, and 300,000 tons as examples), and a specific analysis of the relevant cost data is attached.

• Land costs: In Tanzania, land costs vary depending on the location, distance from the city or major industrial areas, and whether the land is agricultural land. According to the actual situation in Tanzania, land costs can be roughly divided into the following categories: Peri-urban or near industrial areas: about US$2,000-5,000 per hectare (in more developed urban areas, such as near Dar es Salaam, land prices are higher). Rural areas far from cities: about US$500-1,500 per hectare. Since the land required for the factory is large, it is recommended to choose an area far away from the city to reduce the cost of land purchase.
• Employee wages: Tanzania's wage level is relatively low, but it is also affected by regional differences, job nature and technical requirements. The approximate wage levels are as follows: Ordinary workers (operators, cleaners, etc.): about US$150-300 per month; Technical workers (such as equipment maintenance personnel, electrical workers, etc.): about US$300-500 per month, Management personnel (such as production managers, financial managers, etc.): about US$600-1000 per month, Administrative and sales personnel: about US$300-600 per month, Senior engineers and R&D personnel: about US$1000-2000 per month. During the production process, you may need to employ 50-200 employees (depending on the size of the factory), which will affect the annual labor costs.
• Equipment investment and production line construction costs: The investment in organic fertilizer production equipment mainly includes fermentation equipment, crushers, mixers, granulators, dryers, coolers and packaging systems. Depending on the scale of production, the investment cost of equipment will vary. Equipment investment and production line construction costs: The investment in organic fertilizer production equipment mainly includes fermentation equipment, crushers, mixers, granulators, dryers, coolers and packaging systems. Depending on the scale of production, the investment cost of equipment will vary. 80,000 tons per year production scale: about 100,000-2,500,000 US dollar. 100,000 tons per year production scale: about 1,500,000-2,500,000 US dollars. 150,000 tons per year production scale: about 2,500,000-3,500,000 US dollars. 200,000 tons per year production scale: about 3,500,000-4,000,000 US dollarr. 300,000 tons per year production scale: about 4,000,000-5,000,000 US dollars.
• Water, electricity and gas costs: The organic fertilizer production process requires a lot of water, electricity and gas. Due to the differences in power supply and water resources in Tanzania, the following is a rough monthly cost budget: Water cost: about $500-1500 per month, depending on the size of the factory and the amount of water used in the production process. Electricity cost: about $1000-5000 per month, depending on the degree of automation of the production line and the energy consumption of the equipment. Gas cost: if natural gas or liquefied gas is used to heat equipment such as dryers, it is about $500-2000 per month. In order to reduce energy consumption, it is recommended to invest in some energy-saving equipment or consider using renewable energy (such as solar energy and wind energy) to reduce long-term energy costs.
• Transportation and Raw Material Procurement Costs: If you are able to utilize local resources such as farm waste and animal manure as raw materials, the cost will be greatly reduced. Otherwise, you need to consider the transportation costs of procuring raw materials. Raw material procurement costs: For example, chicken manure, cow manure, pig manure, etc. are usually around $50-150 per ton (depending on the source and transportation distance). If your factory is far from the main supply source, transportation costs will increase further.
• Other operating expenses: Taxes and licenses: According to Tanzanian regulations, business operations are subject to various taxes and fees, which vary according to income and region. Environmental protection costs: including the costs of environmental protection measures such as wastewater treatment and exhaust emissions, which are determined according to the environmental regulations of the local government.

What is the principles and microbiological processes of Cow dung manure microbial organic fertilizer production?

• Aerobic fermentation is a process in which microorganisms decompose organic matter into simple inorganic matter through catabolism and anabolism under aerobic conditions, obtain energy from it, and convert part of the organic matter into cell material of microorganisms to promote their growth and reproduction. In this process, the organic matter in the waste is converted into more stable humus to form organic fertilizer. Through aerobic fermentation, the raw materials can not only degrade harmful substances, but also improve the fertilizer efficiency of fertilizers.
• The microbiological process of aerobic fermentation can be divided into three stages, each involving different types and activities of microorganisms. First, in the initial stage of fermentation (usually 1-3 days), the mesophilic microorganisms in the pile begin to proliferate rapidly. They mainly use soluble and easily degradable organic matter, such as monosaccharides, to metabolize and release heat. At this time, the temperature of the pile gradually increases, usually between room temperature and 45°C. The microorganisms at this stage are mainly mesophilic and aerobic, mainly non-spore-forming bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. Actinomycetes and fungi are particularly important in decomposing cellulose and hemicellulose.
• Then enter the high temperature stage. When the pile temperature rises above 45℃, the pile enters the high temperature stage. The pile temperature rises rapidly, usually reaching 55℃ within 2-3 days, and reaches the highest temperature within a week, up to 80℃. At this time, thermophilic microorganisms gradually replace mesophilic microorganisms and begin to strongly decompose complex organic matter such as hemicellulose, cellulose and protein. At 50℃, thermophilic fungi and actinomycetes are active; when the temperature rises to 60℃, the activity of fungi almost stops, and only thermophilic actinomycetes and bacteria are still active. The main function of the high temperature stage is to promote the formation of humus and effectively kill pathogenic microorganisms in organic waste, which meets the high temperature fermentation sanitation standards of my country (GB7959-87), requiring the maximum fermentation temperature to reach 50-55℃ and last for 5-7 days.
• At the end of the high temperature stage, the temperature of the pile begins to gradually decrease. At this time, there is still a small amount of difficult-to-decompose organic matter and newly formed humus, while the activity of microorganisms gradually weakens, and the fermentation enters the mature stage. When the pile temperature drops to around 35-40℃, the fertilizer gradually matures, and the humus content continues to increase and tends to stabilize.

Fermentation Procedure and Process Flow

• The fermentation procedure includes three main steps: raw material pretreatment, fermentation and post-treatment. First, in the raw material pretreatment stage, sorting, crushing, adjustment of moisture content and carbon-nitrogen ratio and other treatments are required to ensure that the raw materials are suitable for fermentation. Then comes the raw material fermentation stage. The fermentation cycle is generally 15-20 days and is divided into two stages. The first stage includes two stages, medium temperature and high temperature, which usually last for 10-12 days. The temperature rises from the initial stage to 50-55℃, microorganisms begin to actively decompose organic matter, and the pile temperature continues to rise. The second stage is when the pile temperature gradually drops to 35-40℃, and the remaining organic matter continues to be decomposed until the fertilizer is completely decomposed. This process usually takes 5-10 days.
• After the fermentation is completed, the post-treatment stage is entered, which is mainly to remove impurities and perform necessary crushing treatment to ensure the uniformity and quality of the fertilizer.
• In terms of process flow, the first is the composting technology. Before composting, the ground needs to be compacted, and then the raw materials such as feces, peat, etc. are mixed in proportion and piled into piles. Secondly, the stirring and turning composting fermentation process is adopted to pile the materials in a pile shape. The cross section of the pile is usually triangular or trapezoidal, with a height of 1.5-2.0m and a width of 4-6m. The moisture content of the pile is generally 55-65%.
• The whole process of fermentation includes the pretreatment, mixing, fermentation, re-modulation, granulation, packaging and delivery of raw materials. In the pretreatment stage, the raw materials are sometimes required to be crushed to adjust the particle size. The suitable particle size range is usually 12-60mm. Crushing and screening can increase the surface area of ​​the raw materials, which is conducive to the reproduction of microorganisms and accelerates the fermentation process. After stacking, the pile is usually turned every 4-7 days. After 1 month, the turning of the pile can be stopped and natural ventilation can be used for post-ripening.

Factors affecting cow dung fermentation and their control

• During the fermentation process, there are several key factors that need to be controlled to ensure the optimization of the fermentation effect. Turning the pile is one of them. Turning the pile can not only provide oxygen and promote the growth of microorganisms, but also regulate the temperature and humidity of the pile. Too few times of turning the pile may lead to insufficient oxygen in the pile, affecting the rise of fermentation temperature; too many times of turning the pile may cause heat loss and affect the harmlessness of fermentation. Usually, turning the pile 2-3 times during fermentation is the most appropriate.
• Another influencing factor is the content of organic matter. Too low organic matter content will lead to insufficient heat in the pile, unable to promote the proliferation of thermophilic bacteria, and then affect the pile to reach the high temperature stage, thereby reducing the hygienic effect of fermentation. Excessive organic matter content may make it difficult to supply oxygen when turning the pile. Therefore, the appropriate organic matter content of 20-80% is ideal.
• Carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) is also a key factor. During the fermentation process, microorganisms need organic carbon as energy, and nitrogen is also involved in protoplasm synthesis. The most suitable C/N ratio is 25:1. When the C/N ratio is too high, the fermentation speed slows down; when the C/N ratio is too low, the decomposition rate of organic matter will be affected. The common C/N ratio range is: sawdust 300-1000, straw 70-100, raw material 50-80, cow dung 8-26, pig dung 7-15, chicken dung 5-10.
• Moisture content is also an important factor affecting the fermentation speed. The moisture content of the pile is generally 55-65%. Too high or too low moisture will affect the metabolic activity of microorganisms. Usually, the moisture content can be tested by holding the material in your hand. When the moisture content is appropriate, the material can form a mass but will not drip.
• Particle size will also affect the fermentation effect. Appropriate particle size is conducive to oxygen permeability and microbial growth. Generally speaking, a particle size of 12-60mm is more suitable.
• Finally, pH value is also a key factor in microbial reproduction. The appropriate pH range is 6-8.5, and usually there is no need to adjust the pH value during the fermentation process.

How to judge whether cow dung and chicken dung are fully fermented?

• Whether the fermentation is mature can be judged by changes in appearance, temperature and chemical indicators. Mature fertilizer should be brown or black, loose in structure, and no longer have a bad smell. The temperature usually drops below 40°C when it is mature. In terms of chemical indicators, the content of organic matter and volatile solids should gradually decrease and tend to be stable. Changes in nitrogen content and C/N(carbon vs Nitrogen) ratio can also reflect the progress of fermentation. Usually, the C/N ratio drops from 25-35:1 to below 20:1 during fermentation, indicating that the fertilizer has reached a stable state.
• In addition, the ratio of water-soluble organic carbon to water-soluble organic nitrogen is also an important indicator for determining the degree of maturity. Usually, when the ratio is 5-6, it means that the fermentation is complete and the fertilizer can be put into use.

Frequently asked question about cow dung fertilizer plant FAQ

Conclusion:

Cow dung organic fertilizer has become a widely used natural fertilizer in agricultural production due to its rich organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients. It can not only improve soil fertility and soil structure, but also promote crop growth and increase yield. At the same time, it has a strong ecological and environmental protection effect and reduces the discharge of agricultural waste. The use of cow dung organic fertilizer helps increase the organic matter content in the soil, improves the water holding capacity, air permeability and biological activity of the soil, and thus achieves sustainable agricultural development.

In terms of production technology, the production process of cow dung organic fertilizer usually includes key links such as raw material pretreatment, composting fermentation, mixing, granulation, drying, cooling, screening and packaging. First, the harmful substances in cow dung are degraded through composting fermentation and converted into nutrients that can be absorbed by plants. Then, the fertilizer is made into granules through mixing, granulation and other processes to improve its convenience and storage. In this process, commonly used granulation methods include wet granulation and dry granulation, which are adapted to different raw material characteristics and production needs. Finally, drying and cooling treatments ensure that the moisture and temperature of the fertilizer are suitable for long-term storage and transportation.

In general, cow dung organic fertilizer has become an important part of organic agriculture and environmentally friendly agriculture due to its excellent soil improvement effect and environmental friendliness.